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Full face flange - soft gasket for external pressure

Full face flange - soft gasket G C G 0 h T H T B W g 1 H D h D e g 0 H G h G A 1 H R h R
Full face flange - soft gasket

Values for calculation

$ \{T\in\mathbb{R}\mid T\geq0\} $
This set includes all real numbers that are greater than or equal to zero. Therefore, it contains all positive numbers and zero, but no negative numbers.
$ T $ $ \mathrm{°C} $
$ \{T_{test}\in\mathbb{R}\mid T_{test}\geq0\} $
This set includes all real numbers that are greater than or equal to zero. Therefore, it contains all positive numbers and zero, but no negative numbers.
$ T_{test} $ $ \mathrm{°C} $
$ \{T_{assembly}\in\mathbb{R}\mid T_{assembly}\geq0\} $
This set includes all real numbers that are greater than or equal to zero. Therefore, it contains all positive numbers and zero, but no negative numbers.
$ T_{assembly} $ $ \mathrm{°C} $
$ \{P_e\in\mathbb{R}\mid P_e>0\} $
This set includes all real numbers that are greater than zero. Therefore, it contains only positive numbers. Zero and negative numbers are not included in this set.
$ P_e $ $ \mathrm{MPa} $
$ \{P_{e_{test}}\in\mathbb{R}\mid P_{e_{test}}>0\} $
This set includes all real numbers that are greater than zero. Therefore, it contains only positive numbers. Zero and negative numbers are not included in this set.
$ P_{e_{test}} $ $ \mathrm{MPa} $
$ R_{p0.2/T} $ $ \mathrm{MPa} $
$ R_{p0.2/T_{test}} $ $ \mathrm{MPa} $
$ R_{p1.0/T} $ $ \mathrm{MPa} $
$ R_{p1.0/T_{test}} $ $ \mathrm{MPa} $
$ R_{m/20} $ $ \mathrm{MPa} $
$ R_{m/T} $ $ \mathrm{MPa} $
$ R_{m/T_{test}} $ $ \mathrm{MPa} $
$ R_{p0.2/bolt/T} $ $ \mathrm{MPa} $
$ R_{p0.2/bolt/T_{test}} $ $ \mathrm{MPa} $
$ R_{p0.2/bolt/T_{assembly}} $ $ \mathrm{MPa} $
$ R_{m/20/bolt} $ $ \mathrm{MPa} $
$ R_{m/bolt/T} $ $ \mathrm{MPa} $
$ R_{m/bolt/T_{test}} $ $ \mathrm{MPa} $
$ R_{m/bolt/T_{assembly}} $ $ \mathrm{MPa} $
$ \{A_1\in\mathbb{R}\mid A_1>0\} $
This set includes all real numbers that are greater than zero. Therefore, it contains only positive numbers. Zero and negative numbers are not included in this set.
$ A_1 $ $ \mathrm{mm} $
$ \{G_0\in\mathbb{R}\mid G_0>0\} $
This set includes all real numbers that are greater than zero. Therefore, it contains only positive numbers. Zero and negative numbers are not included in this set.
$ G_0 $ $ \mathrm{mm} $
$ \{C\in\mathbb{R}\mid C>0\} $
This set includes all real numbers that are greater than zero. Therefore, it contains only positive numbers. Zero and negative numbers are not included in this set.
$ C $ $ \mathrm{mm} $
$ \{B\in\mathbb{R}\mid B>0\} $
This set includes all real numbers that are greater than zero. Therefore, it contains only positive numbers. Zero and negative numbers are not included in this set.
$ B $ $ \mathrm{mm} $
$ \{d_h\in\mathbb{R}\mid d_h>0\} $
This set includes all real numbers that are greater than zero. Therefore, it contains only positive numbers. Zero and negative numbers are not included in this set.
$ d_h $ $ \mathrm{mm} $
$ \{d_b\in\mathbb{R}\mid d_b>0\} $
This set includes all real numbers that are greater than zero. Therefore, it contains only positive numbers. Zero and negative numbers are not included in this set.
$ d_b $ $ \mathrm{mm} $
$ \{n\in\mathbb{R}\mid n>0\} $
This set includes all real numbers that are greater than zero. Therefore, it contains only positive numbers. Zero and negative numbers are not included in this set.
$ n $
$ \{g_1\in\mathbb{R}\mid g_1>0\} $
This set includes all real numbers that are greater than zero. Therefore, it contains only positive numbers. Zero and negative numbers are not included in this set.
$ g_1 $ $ \mathrm{mm} $
$ \{m\in\mathbb{R}\mid m\geq0\} $
This set includes all real numbers that are greater than or equal to zero. Therefore, it contains all positive numbers and zero, but no negative numbers.
$ m $
$ \{y\in\mathbb{R}\mid y\geq0\} $
This set includes all real numbers that are greater than or equal to zero. Therefore, it contains all positive numbers and zero, but no negative numbers.
$ y $ $ \mathrm{MPa} $
$ \{A_B\in\mathbb{R}\mid A_B>0\} $
This set includes all real numbers that are greater than zero. Therefore, it contains only positive numbers. Zero and negative numbers are not included in this set.
$ A_B $ $ \mathrm{mm^2} $

Calculation

Maximum allowed value of the nominal design stress for normal operating load cases

$\text{if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Cast steels}$
$\text{if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Cast steels}$
Equations in LaTeX code
\text{if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Cast steels}
$$f_d=\min\left(\cfrac{R_{p0.2/T}}{1.9}, \cfrac{R_{m/20}}{3}\right)$$
$f_d=\min\left(\cfrac{R_{p0.2/T}}{1.9}, \cfrac{R_{m/20}}{3}\right)$
Equations in LaTeX code
f_d=\min\left(\cfrac{R_{p0.2/T}}{1.9}, \cfrac{R_{m/20}}{3}\right)
$\text{else if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Austenitic steels}\wedge\text{min. }$$\text{elongation }$$\text{after }$$\text{fracture}\geq 35$
$\text{else if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Austenitic steels}\wedge\text{min. }$$\text{elongation }$$\text{after }$$\text{fracture}\geq 35$
Equations in LaTeX code
\text{else if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Austenitic steels}\wedge\text{min. }$$\text{elongation }$$\text{after }$$\text{fracture}\geq 35
$$f_d=\max\left[\cfrac{R_{p1.0/T}}{1.5}, \min\left(\cfrac{R_{p1.0/T}}{1.2}, \cfrac{R_{m/T}}{3}\right)\right]$$
$f_d=\max\left[\cfrac{R_{p1.0/T}}{1.5}, \min\left(\cfrac{R_{p1.0/T}}{1.2}, \cfrac{R_{m/T}}{3}\right)\right]$
Equations in LaTeX code
f_d=\max\left[\cfrac{R_{p1.0/T}}{1.5}, \min\left(\cfrac{R_{p1.0/T}}{1.2}, \cfrac{R_{m/T}}{3}\right)\right]
$\text{else if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Austenitic steels}\wedge 30\le \text{min. }$$\text{elongation }$$\text{after }$$\text{fracture}< 35$
$\text{else if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Austenitic steels}\wedge 30\le \text{min. }$$\text{elongation }$$\text{after }$$\text{fracture}< 35$
Equations in LaTeX code
\text{else if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Austenitic steels}\wedge 30\le \text{min. }$$\text{elongation }$$\text{after }$$\text{fracture}< 35
$$f_d=\cfrac{R_{p1.0/T}}{1.5}$$
$f_d=\cfrac{R_{p1.0/T}}{1.5}$
Equations in LaTeX code
f_d=\cfrac{R_{p1.0/T}}{1.5}
$\text{else}$
$\text{else}$
Equations in LaTeX code
\text{else}
$$f_d=\min\left(\cfrac{R_{p0.2/T}}{1.5}, \cfrac{R_{m/20}}{2.4}\right)$$
$f_d=\min\left(\cfrac{R_{p0.2/T}}{1.5}, \cfrac{R_{m/20}}{2.4}\right)$
Equations in LaTeX code
f_d=\min\left(\cfrac{R_{p0.2/T}}{1.5}, \cfrac{R_{m/20}}{2.4}\right)

Maximum allowed value of the nominal design stress for testing load cases

$\text{if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Cast steels}$
$\text{if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Cast steels}$
Equations in LaTeX code
\text{if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Cast steels}
$$f_{test}=\cfrac{R_{p0.2/T_{test}}}{1.33}$$
$f_{test}=\cfrac{R_{p0.2/T_{test}}}{1.33}$
Equations in LaTeX code
f_{test}=\cfrac{R_{p0.2/T_{test}}}{1.33}
$\text{else if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Austenitic steels}\wedge\text{min. }$$\text{elongation }$$\text{after }$$\text{fracture}\geq 35$
$\text{else if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Austenitic steels}\wedge\text{min. }$$\text{elongation }$$\text{after }$$\text{fracture}\geq 35$
Equations in LaTeX code
\text{else if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Austenitic steels}\wedge\text{min. }$$\text{elongation }$$\text{after }$$\text{fracture}\geq 35
$$f_{test}=\max\left(\cfrac{R_{p1.0/T_{test}}}{1.05}, \cfrac{R_{m/T_{test}}}{2}\right)$$
$f_{test}=\max\left(\cfrac{R_{p1.0/T_{test}}}{1.05}, \cfrac{R_{m/T_{test}}}{2}\right)$
Equations in LaTeX code
f_{test}=\max\left(\cfrac{R_{p1.0/T_{test}}}{1.05}, \cfrac{R_{m/T_{test}}}{2}\right)
$\text{else if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Austenitic steels}\wedge 30\le \text{min. }$$\text{elongation }$$\text{after }$$\text{fracture}< 35$
$\text{else if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Austenitic steels}\wedge 30\le \text{min. }$$\text{elongation }$$\text{after }$$\text{fracture}< 35$
Equations in LaTeX code
\text{else if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material}= \text{Austenitic steels}\wedge 30\le \text{min. }$$\text{elongation }$$\text{after }$$\text{fracture}< 35
$$f_{test}=\cfrac{R_{p1.0/T_{test}}}{1.05}$$
$f_{test}=\cfrac{R_{p1.0/T_{test}}}{1.05}$
Equations in LaTeX code
f_{test}=\cfrac{R_{p1.0/T_{test}}}{1.05}
$\text{else}$
$\text{else}$
Equations in LaTeX code
\text{else}
$$f_{test}=\cfrac{R_{p0.2/T_{test}}}{1.05}$$
$f_{test}=\cfrac{R_{p0.2/T_{test}}}{1.05}$
Equations in LaTeX code
f_{test}=\cfrac{R_{p0.2/T_{test}}}{1.05}

Bolt nominal design stress for normal operating load cases

$\text{if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material }$$\text{of }$$\text{bolt}= \text{Austenitic steels}$
$\text{if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material }$$\text{of }$$\text{bolt}= \text{Austenitic steels}$
Equations in LaTeX code
\text{if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material }$$\text{of }$$\text{bolt}= \text{Austenitic steels}
$$f_B=\cfrac{R_{m/bolt/T}}{4}$$
$f_B=\cfrac{R_{m/bolt/T}}{4}$
Equations in LaTeX code
f_B=\cfrac{R_{m/bolt/T}}{4}
$\text{else}$
$\text{else}$
Equations in LaTeX code
\text{else}
$$f_B=\min\left(\cfrac{R_{p0.2/bolt/T}}{3}, \cfrac{R_{m/20/bolt}}{4}\right)$$
$f_B=\min\left(\cfrac{R_{p0.2/bolt/T}}{3}, \cfrac{R_{m/20/bolt}}{4}\right)$
Equations in LaTeX code
f_B=\min\left(\cfrac{R_{p0.2/bolt/T}}{3}, \cfrac{R_{m/20/bolt}}{4}\right)

Bolt nominal design stress for testing load cases

$\text{if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material }$$\text{of }$$\text{bolt}= \text{Austenitic steels}$
$\text{if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material }$$\text{of }$$\text{bolt}= \text{Austenitic steels}$
Equations in LaTeX code
\text{if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material }$$\text{of }$$\text{bolt}= \text{Austenitic steels}
$$f_{B_{test}}=\cfrac{R_{m/bolt/T_{test}}}{4}\cdot 1.5$$
$f_{B_{test}}=\cfrac{R_{m/bolt/T_{test}}}{4}\cdot 1.5$
Equations in LaTeX code
f_{B_{test}}=\cfrac{R_{m/bolt/T_{test}}}{4}\cdot 1.5
$\text{else}$
$\text{else}$
Equations in LaTeX code
\text{else}
$$f_{B_{test}}=\min\left(\cfrac{R_{p0.2/bolt/T_{test}}}{3}, \cfrac{R_{m/20/bolt}}{4}\right)\cdot 1.5$$
$f_{B_{test}}=\min\left(\cfrac{R_{p0.2/bolt/T_{test}}}{3}, \cfrac{R_{m/20/bolt}}{4}\right)\cdot 1.5$
Equations in LaTeX code
f_{B_{test}}=\min\left(\cfrac{R_{p0.2/bolt/T_{test}}}{3}, \cfrac{R_{m/20/bolt}}{4}\right)\cdot 1.5

Bolt nominal design stress at assembly temperature

$\text{if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material }$$\text{of }$$\text{bolt}= \text{Austenitic steels}$
$\text{if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material }$$\text{of }$$\text{bolt}= \text{Austenitic steels}$
Equations in LaTeX code
\text{if }\ \text{type }$$\text{of }$$\text{material }$$\text{of }$$\text{bolt}= \text{Austenitic steels}
$$f_{B,A}=\cfrac{R_{m/bolt/T_{assembly}}}{4}$$
$f_{B,A}=\cfrac{R_{m/bolt/T_{assembly}}}{4}$
Equations in LaTeX code
f_{B,A}=\cfrac{R_{m/bolt/T_{assembly}}}{4}
$\text{else}$
$\text{else}$
Equations in LaTeX code
\text{else}
$$f_{B,A}=\min\left(\cfrac{R_{p0.2/bolt/T_{assembly}}}{3}, \cfrac{R_{m/20/bolt}}{4}\right)$$
$f_{B,A}=\min\left(\cfrac{R_{p0.2/bolt/T_{assembly}}}{3}, \cfrac{R_{m/20/bolt}}{4}\right)$
Equations in LaTeX code
f_{B,A}=\min\left(\cfrac{R_{p0.2/bolt/T_{assembly}}}{3}, \cfrac{R_{m/20/bolt}}{4}\right)

Effective gasket pressure width

$$2b''=5$$
$2b''=5$
Equations in LaTeX code
2b''=5

Basic assembly width effective under initial tightening up

$$b'_0=\min\left(G_0-C, C-A_1\right)$$
$b'_0=\min\left(G_0-C, C-A_1\right)$
Equations in LaTeX code
b'_0=\min\left(G_0-C, C-A_1\right)

Effective assembly width

$$b'=4\cdot \sqrt{b'_0} $$
$b'=4\cdot \sqrt{b'_0} $
Equations in LaTeX code
b'=4\cdot \sqrt{b'_0}

Diameter at location of gasket load reaction

$$G=C-\left(d_h+2b''\right)$$
$G=C-\left(d_h+2b''\right)$
Equations in LaTeX code
G=C-\left(d_h+2b''\right)

Total hydrostatic end force

$$H=\cfrac{π}{4}\cdot\left(C-d_h\right)^2\cdot P_e$$
$H=\cfrac{π}{4}\cdot\left(C-d_h\right)^2\cdot P_e$
Equations in LaTeX code
H=\cfrac{π}{4}\cdot\left(C-d_h\right)^2\cdot P_e

Total hydrostatic end force for testing load cases

$$H_{test}=\cfrac{π}{4}\cdot\left(C-d_h\right)^2\cdot P_{e_{test}}$$
$H_{test}=\cfrac{π}{4}\cdot\left(C-d_h\right)^2\cdot P_{e_{test}}$
Equations in LaTeX code
H_{test}=\cfrac{π}{4}\cdot\left(C-d_h\right)^2\cdot P_{e_{test}}

Compression load on gasket to ensure tight joint

$$H_G=2b''\cdot π\cdot G\cdot m\cdot P_e$$
$H_G=2b''\cdot π\cdot G\cdot m\cdot P_e$
Equations in LaTeX code
H_G=2b''\cdot π\cdot G\cdot m\cdot P_e

Compression load on gasket to ensure tight joint for testing load cases

$$H_{G_{test}}=2b''\cdot π\cdot G\cdot m\cdot P_{e_{test}}$$
$H_{G_{test}}=2b''\cdot π\cdot G\cdot m\cdot P_{e_{test}}$
Equations in LaTeX code
H_{G_{test}}=2b''\cdot π\cdot G\cdot m\cdot P_{e_{test}}

Hydrostatic end force applied via shell to flange

$$H_D=\cfrac{π}{4}\cdot\left(B^2\cdot P_e\right)$$
$H_D=\cfrac{π}{4}\cdot\left(B^2\cdot P_e\right)$
Equations in LaTeX code
H_D=\cfrac{π}{4}\cdot\left(B^2\cdot P_e\right)

Hydrostatic end force applied via shell to flange for testing load cases

$$H_{D_{test}}=\cfrac{π}{4}\cdot\left(B^2\cdot P_{e_{test}}\right)$$
$H_{D_{test}}=\cfrac{π}{4}\cdot\left(B^2\cdot P_{e_{test}}\right)$
Equations in LaTeX code
H_{D_{test}}=\cfrac{π}{4}\cdot\left(B^2\cdot P_{e_{test}}\right)

Hydrostatic end force due to pressure on flange face

$$H_T=H-H_D$$
$H_T=H-H_D$
Equations in LaTeX code
H_T=H-H_D

Hydrostatic end force due to pressure on flange face for testing load cases

$$H_{T_{test}}=H_{test}-H_{D_{test}}$$
$H_{T_{test}}=H_{test}-H_{D_{test}}$
Equations in LaTeX code
H_{T_{test}}=H_{test}-H_{D_{test}}

Radial distance from bolt circle to circle on which $ H_D $ acts

$$h_D=\left(C-B-g_1\right)/2$$
$h_D=\left(C-B-g_1\right)/2$
Equations in LaTeX code
h_D=\left(C-B-g_1\right)/2

Radial distance from gasket load reaction to bolt circle

$$h_G=\left(d_h+2b''\right)/2$$
$h_G=\left(d_h+2b''\right)/2$
Equations in LaTeX code
h_G=\left(d_h+2b''\right)/2

Radial distance from bolt circle to circle on which $ H_T $ acts

$$h_T=\left(C+d_h+2b''-B\right)/4$$
$h_T=\left(C+d_h+2b''-B\right)/4$
Equations in LaTeX code
h_T=\left(C+d_h+2b''-B\right)/4

Radial distance from bolt circle to circle on which $ H_R $ acts

$$h_R=\left(G_0-C+d_h\right)/4$$
$h_R=\left(G_0-C+d_h\right)/4$
Equations in LaTeX code
h_R=\left(G_0-C+d_h\right)/4

Balancing radial moment in flange along line of bolt holes

$$M_R=H_D\cdot h_D+H_T\cdot h_T+H_G\cdot h_G$$
$M_R=H_D\cdot h_D+H_T\cdot h_T+H_G\cdot h_G$
Equations in LaTeX code
M_R=H_D\cdot h_D+H_T\cdot h_T+H_G\cdot h_G

Balancing radial moment in flange along line of bolt holes for testing load cases

$$M_{R_{test}}=H_{D_{test}}\cdot h_D+H_{T_{test}}\cdot h_T+H_{G_{test}}\cdot h_G$$
$M_{R_{test}}=H_{D_{test}}\cdot h_D+H_{T_{test}}\cdot h_T+H_{G_{test}}\cdot h_G$
Equations in LaTeX code
M_{R_{test}}=H_{D_{test}}\cdot h_D+H_{T_{test}}\cdot h_T+H_{G_{test}}\cdot h_G

Balancing reaction force outside bolt circle in opposition to moments due to loads inside bolt circle

$$H_R=M_R/h_R$$
$H_R=M_R/h_R$
Equations in LaTeX code
H_R=M_R/h_R

Balancing reaction force outside bolt circle in opposition to moments due to loads inside bolt circle for testing load cases

$$H_{R_{test}}=M_{R_{test}}/h_R$$
$H_{R_{test}}=M_{R_{test}}/h_R$
Equations in LaTeX code
H_{R_{test}}=M_{R_{test}}/h_R

Minimum required bolt load for assembly condition

$$W_A=π\cdot C\cdot b'\cdot y$$
$W_A=π\cdot C\cdot b'\cdot y$
Equations in LaTeX code
W_A=π\cdot C\cdot b'\cdot y

Minimum required bolt load for operating condition

$$W_{op}=0$$
$W_{op}=0$
Equations in LaTeX code
W_{op}=0

Minimum required bolt load for testing load cases

$$W_{test}=0$$
$W_{test}=0$
Equations in LaTeX code
W_{test}=0

Total required cross-sectional area of bolts

$$A_{B,min}=\max\left(\cfrac{W_A}{f_{B,A}}, \cfrac{W_{op}}{f_B}, \cfrac{W_{test}}{f_{B_{test}}}\right)$$
$A_{B,min}=\max\left(\cfrac{W_A}{f_{B,A}}, \cfrac{W_{op}}{f_B}, \cfrac{W_{test}}{f_{B_{test}}}\right)$
Equations in LaTeX code
A_{B,min}=\max\left(\cfrac{W_A}{f_{B,A}}, \cfrac{W_{op}}{f_B}, \cfrac{W_{test}}{f_{B_{test}}}\right)
$$A_B\geq A_{B,min}$$
$A_B\geq A_{B,min}$
Equations in LaTeX code
A_B\geq A_{B,min}

Distance between centre lines of adjacent bolts

$$δ_b=C\cdot\sin{\cfrac{π}{n}}$$
$δ_b=C\cdot\sin{\cfrac{π}{n}}$
Equations in LaTeX code
δ_b=C\cdot\sin{\cfrac{π}{n}}

Minimum flange thickness, measured at the thinnest section

$$e=\max\left(\sqrt{\cfrac{6\cdot M_R}{f_d\cdot\left(π\cdot C-n\cdot d_h\right)}}, \cfrac{\left(A_1+2\cdot g_1\right)\cdot P_e}{2\cdot f_d}\right)$$
$e=\max\left(\sqrt{\cfrac{6\cdot M_R}{f_d\cdot\left(π\cdot C-n\cdot d_h\right)}}, \cfrac{\left(A_1+2\cdot g_1\right)\cdot P_e}{2\cdot f_d}\right)$
Equations in LaTeX code
e=\max\left(\sqrt{\cfrac{6\cdot M_R}{f_d\cdot\left(π\cdot C-n\cdot d_h\right)}}, \cfrac{\left(A_1+2\cdot g_1\right)\cdot P_e}{2\cdot f_d}\right)

Minimum flange thickness, measured at the thinnest section for testing load cases

$$e_{test}=\max\left(\sqrt{\cfrac{6\cdot M_{R_{test}}}{f_{test}\cdot\left(π\cdot C-n\cdot d_h\right)}}, \cfrac{\left(A_1+2\cdot g_1\right)\cdot P_{e_{test}}}{2\cdot f_{test}}\right)$$
$e_{test}=\max\left(\sqrt{\cfrac{6\cdot M_{R_{test}}}{f_{test}\cdot\left(π\cdot C-n\cdot d_h\right)}}, \cfrac{\left(A_1+2\cdot g_1\right)\cdot P_{e_{test}}}{2\cdot f_{test}}\right)$
Equations in LaTeX code
e_{test}=\max\left(\sqrt{\cfrac{6\cdot M_{R_{test}}}{f_{test}\cdot\left(π\cdot C-n\cdot d_h\right)}}, \cfrac{\left(A_1+2\cdot g_1\right)\cdot P_{e_{test}}}{2\cdot f_{test}}\right)
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