Temperature effects of elastic modulus
| Material | Young's modulus $ E $ , in $ \mathrm{GPa} $ for temperature -200 $ \mathrm{°C} $ | Young's modulus $ E $ , in $ \mathrm{GPa} $ for temperature -129 $ \mathrm{°C} $ | Young's modulus $ E $ , in $ \mathrm{GPa} $ for temperature -73 $ \mathrm{°C} $ | Young's modulus $ E $ , in $ \mathrm{GPa} $ for temperature 21 $ \mathrm{°C} $ | Young's modulus $ E $ , in $ \mathrm{GPa} $ for temperature 93 $ \mathrm{°C} $ | Young's modulus $ E $ , in $ \mathrm{GPa} $ for temperature 149 $ \mathrm{°C} $ | Young's modulus $ E $ , in $ \mathrm{GPa} $ for temperature 204 $ \mathrm{°C} $ | Young's modulus $ E $ , in $ \mathrm{GPa} $ for temperature 260 $ \mathrm{°C} $ | Young's modulus $ E $ , in $ \mathrm{GPa} $ for temperature 316 $ \mathrm{°C} $ | Young's modulus $ E $ , in $ \mathrm{GPa} $ for temperature 371 $ \mathrm{°C} $ | Young's modulus $ E $ , in $ \mathrm{GPa} $ for temperature 427 $ \mathrm{°C} $ | Young's modulus $ E $ , in $ \mathrm{GPa} $ for temperature 482 $ \mathrm{°C} $ | Young's modulus $ E $ , in $ \mathrm{GPa} $ for temperature 538 $ \mathrm{°C} $ | Young's modulus $ E $ , in $ \mathrm{GPa} $ for temperature 593 $ \mathrm{°C} $ | Young's modulus $ E $ , in $ \mathrm{GPa} $ for temperature 649 $ \mathrm{°C} $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gray cast iron | 92.4 | 91 | 88.9 | 86.9 | 84.1 | 80.7 | 75.8 | 70.3 | |||||||
| Carbon steel C≤0.3% | 216.5 | 212.4 | 208.2 | 203.4 | 198.6 | 195.1 | 191 | 188.2 | 184.1 | 175.8 | 166.9 | 154.4 | 140.7 | 124.1 | |
| Carbon steel C≥0.3% | 215.1 | 211 | 206.8 | 202 | 197.2 | 193.7 | 189.6 | 186.8 | 182.7 | 174.4 | 165.5 | 153.1 | 139.3 | 123.4 | 106.2 |
| Carbon-moly steels | 214.4 | 210.3 | 206.2 | 201.3 | 196.5 | 193.1 | 188.9 | 186.2 | 182 | 174.4 | 164.8 | 153.1 | 138.6 | 122.7 | 105.5 |
| Nickel steels Ni 2%-9% | 204.1 | 200.6 | 196.5 | 191.7 | 186.8 | 184.1 | 180 | 177.2 | 173.7 | 169.6 | 158.6 | ||||
| Cr-Mo steels Cr ½%-2% | 217.9 | 213.7 | 209.6 | 204.8 | 199.9 | 196.5 | 192.4 | 189.6 | 185.5 | 181.3 | 175.8 | 171 | 164.8 | 158.6 | 150.3 |
| Cr-Mo steels Cr 2¼%-3% | 224.8 | 220.6 | 216.5 | 211 | 205.5 | 202.7 | 198.6 | 195.1 | 191 | 186.8 | 181.3 | 176.5 | 169.6 | 163.4 | 155.1 |
| Cr-Mo steels Cr 5%-9% | 226.8 | 222.7 | 218.6 | 213 | 207.5 | 204.8 | 199.9 | 197.2 | 193.1 | 188.2 | 180 | 170.3 | 156.5 | 140.7 | 125.5 |
| Chromium steels Cr 12%, 17%, 27% | 215.1 | 211.7 | 207.5 | 201.3 | 196.5 | 192.4 | 188.2 | 184.1 | 180 | 176.5 | 170.3 | 160 | 148.2 | 131.7 | 114.5 |
| Austenitic steels (TP304, 310, 316, 321, 347) | 208.9 | 204.8 | 200.6 | 195.1 | 190.3 | 186.2 | 182.7 | 177.9 | 174.4 | 171 | 166.2 | 162 | 157.2 | 152.4 | 146.2 |
| Comp. and leaded-Sn bronze (C83600, C92200) | 102 | 100.7 | 99.3 | 96.5 | 94.5 | 92.4 | 91 | 88.9 | 86.2 | 82.7 | |||||
| Naval brass Si & A1 bronze (C46400, C65500, C95200, C95400) | 109.6 | 107.6 | 106.2 | 103.4 | 100.7 | 99.3 | 97.2 | 95.1 | 92.4 | 88.3 | |||||
| Copper (C11000) | 116.5 | 114.5 | 113.8 | 110.3 | 107.6 | 106.2 | 103.4 | 101.4 | 97.9 | 94.5 | |||||
| Copper red brass A1-bronze (C10200, C12000, C12200, C125000, C142000, C23000, C61400) | 124.1 | 122 | 120.7 | 117.2 | 114.5 | 112.4 | 110.3 | 107.6 | 104.1 | 100 | |||||
| Monel 400 (N04400) | 191.7 | 188.2 | 184.8 | 179.3 | 175.1 | 172.4 | 170.3 | 167.5 | 166.2 | 163.4 | 159.3 | 155.8 | 152.4 | 156.5 | 146.2 |
| Unalloyed titanium grades 1, 2, 3, and 7 | 106.9 | 103.4 | 100.7 | 96.5 | 91.7 | 86.9 | 82 | 77.2 | |||||||
| Grades 443, 1060, 1100, 3003, 3004, 6063 | 76.5 | 74.5 | 72.4 | 68.9 | 66.2 | 63.4 | 60 |